BALTIMORE – The Maryland Department of Health today announced that an individual living in the Capital Region of Maryland has tested positive for West Nile virus. This is the first confirmed human case in the state this year. Marylanders are recommended to take preventative steps to reduce their risk of infection from mosquitoes.
West Nile is transmitted to humans via mosquitoes infected by feeding on birds that have the virus. In rare instances, the virus may be spread from person to person through organ donation, blood transfusion, breastfeeding or from a pregnant mother to fetus.
The disease affects the nervous system, and up to 80% of people who are infected will not display any signs of illness. However, those who have underlying health conditions could become seriously ill.
“We are in the season when the West Nile virus and other mosquito-borne viruses can spread in Maryland,” said Deputy Secretary for Public Health Services Dr. Meg Sullivan. “Your best defense against West Nile virus is to protect yourself from mosquitoes, such as using insect repellent, covering exposed skin, and eliminating standing water near your home.”
West Nile virus was first detected in the U.S. in 1999, and the number of Marylanders infected with the virus fluctuates each season. In 2025, 23 Maryland residents were confirmed positive for West Nile virus infection.
While most people do not develop symptoms from this virus, some people who develop illness may experience mild symptoms such as fever, headache and body aches; occasionally, a skin rash and swollen lymph glands may be noticed. These symptoms may last a few days or as long as several weeks. People who are older than 50 or have immunocompromised conditions can become seriously ill.
People who are concerned about mosquitoes should cover up exposed skin and use an EPA-registered insect repellent. Residents are urged to monitor their own yards and gardens for areas of high mosquito activity, especially standing water that can serve as a breeding ground. Even small amounts of water in a discarded can or container can support dozens of mosquitoes, as can clogged rain gutters and drain pipes.
Although birds are not routinely tested for West Nile virus in Maryland, sick or injured birds can be reported to an appropriate local wildlife rehabilitator. Residents can call 1-877-463-6497 for a list of licensed rehabilitators or visit the Maryland Department of Natural Resources website.
To protect the individual’s privacy, the Maryland Department of Health will not provide any additional information about the patient.
For more information on West Nile virus, including data and educational materials, visit the Center for Zoonotic and Vectorborne Diseases. The Department also has a social media toolkit to help educate Marylanders on protecting themselves and their homes from mosquitoes.